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Vaccine
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How often
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Disease prevented
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Who needs it
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Influenza
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Every year
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Flu. This can be especially dangerous to older adults or people with immune disorders.
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All adults
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Tetanus, diphtheria (Td); or Tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (Tdap)*
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One dose of Tdap, then one dose of Td as a booster every 10 years
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Tetanus (lockjaw), a disease that causes muscles to spasm
Diphtheria, an infection that causes fever, weakness, and breathing problems
Pertussis, also known as whooping cough. This is a highly contagious disease that can cause serious illness.
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All adults
*This vaccine should be given during each pregnancy, no matter how many years since the last vaccine. The vaccine increases protection for your newborn. A newborn is too young to get the vaccine. But newborns have the highest risk for severe illness and death from pertussis.
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Varicella (Var)**
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One series of 2 injections
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Chickenpox. This is a disease that causes itchy skin bumps, fever, and tiredness. It can lead to scarring, pneumonia, or brain inflammation.
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Adults who don’t have evidence of immunity
**This vaccine should not be given to pregnant women. Women should avoid pregnancy for 4 weeks after the vaccine.
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Human papillomavirus (HPV)
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2 to 3 doses depending on age at first dose or condition
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Teens and young adults who start the series at ages 15 to 26 need 3 doses of vaccine. This includes:
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Young women through age 26 and young men through age 21
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Young adults through age 26 with certain conditions that suppress the immune system
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Young men who have sex with men, including young men who identify as gay or bisexual or who intend to have sex with men through age 26
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Transgender young adults through age 26
HPV vaccine may be given between ages 27 to 45, depending on risk. Ask your healthcare provider if this vaccine is right for you.
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Pneumococcal (PCV13)
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1 dose at recommended times depending on age and condition
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Pneumonia. This is an infection that causes inflammation in your lungs. It can lead to death.
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Adults ages 19 to 64 with weak immune systems or chronic diseases such as chronic kidney failure, lung, heart, or liver disease, certain cancers, and alcoholism. Also recommended for adults with a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak or cochlear implants, and those who smoke cigarettes.
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Pneumococcal (PPSV23)
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1 or 2 doses depending on age and condition
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Pneumonia. This is an infection that causes inflammation in your lungs. It can lead to death.
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All adults ages 65 and older.
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Adults ages 19 to 64 with chronic illnesses, such as asthma, COPD, heart disease, diabetes, liver disease, alcoholism, sickle cell disease, or history of splenectomy. Also, adults with an immune disorder and those who smoke cigarettes.
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Vaccine
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How often
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Disease prevented
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Who needs it
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Zoster***
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1 or 2 doses, depending on the type of vaccine:
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Herpes zoster (shingles), a painful rash marked by blisters
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Adults ages 50 and older, including those who have already had shingles.
***You should not get the live vaccine if your immune system is low. For example, if you have HIV, are taking medicines that suppress your immune system, or are getting cancer treatment.
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Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR)**
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1 or 2 doses, for ages 19 through 49; 1 dose for ages 50 and older if at risk
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Measles, a disease marked by red spots, fever, and coughing
Mumps, a disease that causes swelling in the salivary glands. It may affect the ovaries or testes.
Rubella (German measles). This is a form of measles that can cause birth defects if a pregnant woman catches it.
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Adults born in 1957 or later who are not known to be immune to all 3 of these diseases. Ask your healthcare provider if you need a second dose.
**This vaccine should not be given to pregnant women. Women should avoid pregnancy for 4 weeks after vaccination.
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Meningococcal
Two types of vaccines are available depending on age and medical situation:
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1 or more doses depending on vaccine type and condition
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Meningococcal disease (bacterial meningitis). This is inflammation of the membrane covering the brain and spinal cord. It can lead to death.
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Adults with immune deficiencies or at high risk of exposure. Also, college freshmen living in dormitories and military recruits.
Ask your healthcare provider about meningococcal disease and which vaccine may be right for you.
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Hepatitis A (HepA)
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One series of 2 injections
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Hepatitis A. This is an infection that can result in acute liver inflammation and yellow skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice).
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Adults with risk factors, such as clotting disorders or chronic liver disease, and adults with high risk of exposure. This includes men who have sex with men, IV (intravenous) drug users, and travelers to countries where hepatitis A is common.
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Hepatitis B (HepB)
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One series of 3 injections
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Hepatitis B. This is an infection that causes chronic, severe liver disease.
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Adults with high risk of exposure, such as healthcare providers and sanitation workers, and adults with diabetes
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Travelers’ diseases
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As needed
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Infections such as cholera, typhoid, yellow fever, polio, rabies, meningococcal disease, hepatitis A, hepatitis B
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Adults traveling out of the country. Required vaccines will vary, depending on the country you visit. Check the CDC website: www.cdc.gov.
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